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History of Tangail District

History of Tangail District
The present Tangail district is a collection of newly raised Char areas on the banks of the Yamuna River. Here a small population began to live, most of whom were the inhabitants of the adjacent North Bengal, i.e. the west bank of the Yamuna. After a lot of destruction and political encroachment since the past, the area which is now known as Tangail district after passing uphill Utrai, its formation and distinct identity as Tangail is not found until 1866 AD.In other words, although the population in this land is old, the name Tangail is recent. Rather, this region has been known since the Mughal period as a part of Atiya Pargana. After Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal in 1760 AD, the names of parganas like Atia, Kagmari, Barabaju Hossainshahi etc. are found in the land settled for tax collection - the name of Tangail is not found.Tangail is not mentioned in Rennell's map published in 1778 AD. The first land survey in this country was done in 1788 AD after the East India Company came to power after the Battle of Palashi. Tangail is not mentioned there either. Jamalpur subdivision was created in 1845 AD for administrative convenience. Greater Mymensingh district is divided into two divisions. 1. Headquarters Division, 2. Jamalpur Division.Nasirabad, Gabtali, Madhupur, Netrakona, Ghoshgaon, Fatepur, Gafargaon, Motherganj, Nikli and Bajitpur police stations are under Sadar division and Sherpur, Hajiganj and Pingna police stations are under Jamalpur division. The territories of Atia Pargana were then part of Dhaka District. There is no mention of Tangail even in the second land survey in 1850 AD. Atiya Pargana was mentioned in Rennell's map. Most of the area of present day Tangail was then under Atiya Pargana. By the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, the area known as Atiya had expanded to form the present Tangail. From this it can be understood that the former name of Tangail would not be too wrong. In 1866, the government established Tanail (later renamed Tangail) police station in Pardighulia Mauza. As the Muslim zamindars of Kartia were also anti-English, the location of the new thana or chowki was not fixed in the Atia pargana either. Although administratively it was the best. In any case, the reason for declaring the new thana as a sub-district and merging it with Momenshahi in 1869 AD is also considered by many to be a subtle plot to destroy the uniqueness of Tangail. Many also believe that a particular group did so with the help of the British as an indirect attempt to claim a share in Tangail's educational culture and political activism. Ever since the inclusion in Mymensingh district, the people of Tangail have been demanding a separate district by freeing Tangail from Mymensingh to protect their independence.

A lot of struggle had to be done to elevate the Tangail sub-division to a district. This effort was the last phase of British rule to Pakistan period. Mymensingh district was the largest district in undivided Bangladesh. Governing and maintaining law and order in remote areas of the district from Mymensingh was a difficult task. So naturally there are repeated demands to elevate Tangail subdivision to a district. Despite getting assurances from the administration, Tangail could not be promoted to the district. Because whenever the district institution was demanded, it could not be implemented due to political reasons. Once Mymensingh district wanted to shift to Subarna Khali of Gopalpur police station in Tangail region. Because Suvarnakhali was the healthiest place in Mymensingh district at that time. Some account of Surbankhali being a healthy place at that time can be found in the Mymensingh Gazetteer published in 1917 AD. In 1908 AD, the Government of East Bengal and Assam through a notification took the step of public opinion survey regarding the conversion of Mymensingh into two separate districts by establishing two separate district headquarters at the two ends of Mymensingh district headquarters. When the proposal met with opposition, Tangail organized a public opinion survey by adopting a plan to establish a separate district with Jamalpur sub-division.In 1912, a large public meeting was also held in Mymensingh district town. Honorable Nawab of Dhanbari Sir Nawar Ali Chowdhury CIE Saheb organized a meeting in Dhanbari with some zamindars and prominent people of Tangail subdivision in 1912 AD. It was in that meeting that the demand to divide the large Momenshahi district was first raised. In 948 AD, the Prime Minister of East Bengal, Khwaja Nazimuddin became a by-election candidate from Tangail. At that time, the people of Tangail, led by the young fiery leader Shamshul Haq, instead of the oppressed public leader Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani, presented a memorandum containing 17 points of demand to Khwaja Nazimuddin. Chief among those 17 points was the demand to make Tangail a separate district. On August 14, 1947, the Radcliffe Boundary Commission divided Bengal into two parts. In 1954, general elections were held in East Pakistan. On the occasion of the election, Haque-Bhasani-Suhrawardy formed the United Front. The Muslim League was initially defeated by the United Front in this general election. The people of Tangail near the United Front demanded that Tangail be declared a separate district. The United Front included it as an election promise. The United Front won the election. The United Front started the process of establishing Tangail as a separate district as an election promise. Maulana Bhasani had active support in this regard. In the years 1938, 1943, 1948, 1954 and 1956 AD, the Pakistan Economic Council approved the final decision to divide Momenshahi into Tangail, Qaidabad and Nasirabad districts in 1960, 1961 AD, at a stage of raising logical demands with various Chief Ministers and Divisional Ministers of the provincial government and being supported at the government level.One hundred years after the establishment of Tangail Sub-division i.e. on December 1, 1969, Tangail Sub-division emerged as the 19th district of the then East Pakistan.